How to Use Emergency Spare Tyres?

Spare tyres are an essential safety feature in every vehicle, yet many drivers are unfamiliar with how to properly use them in the event of a flat. Whether you’re a seasoned motorist or newly licensed, this comprehensive guide will equip you with the knowledge and steps necessary to safely and efficiently change a tire. We’ll cover everything from identifying your spare tyre type, to proper re-installation of your regular tyre, and the limitations of spares.

Understanding Emergency Spare Tyres

Not all spare tyres are created equal. Here’s what you need to know:

• “Donut” Spares: The Most Common

  • Smaller in size and temporary: These compact spares are designed for short distances and lower speeds than your regular car tyres.
  • Visually distinctive: They have a narrow tread and often a brightly colored rim, making them easily identifiable.
  • Speed and Distance Limitations: Typically you shouldn’t exceed 50mph on a donut, and their safe range is limited (check your owner’s manual for specifics on your car).

• Full-Size Matching Spare: Getting Less Common

  • Identical to your regular tyre: Offers best performance if you need to drive an extended distance before a repair.
  • Space considerations: Full-size spares take up more trunk space, leading to some cars not having them.

• Run-Flat Tyres: The Spare You Might Not See

  • No traditional spare needed: These tyres are designed to be driven a limited distance even with a puncture.
  • Sidewall Markings: Look for “RFT,” “SSR,” or similar designations on your car tyres if you might have this type.
  • Limitations Also Apply: Consult your manual for distance and speed limits for the run-flat tyres on your specific vehicle.

Before an Emergency: Locate and Inspect Your Spare

• Where is it? Most spares are under the trunk floor or mounted externally (some SUVs). Refer to your owner’s manual if unsure.
• Is it inflated? Check its pressure as part of your car’s maintenance routine. A flat spare is useless.
• Gather your tools: Ensure you have your car’s jack, the lug wrench (tire iron), and owner’s manual handy.

Step-by-Step Guide to Using Your Emergency Spare Tyre

1. Safety First

   • Find a safe, level place: Well off the road with hazard lights on. Avoid soft/sloped ground.
   • Wheel chocks: If you have them, place them behind the wheels opposite the one you’re changing.
   • Engage parking brake: Essential safety step even on level ground.

2. Removing the Flat Tyre

   • Loosen lug nuts: Before jacking the car, slightly loosen (don’t remove) the lug nuts with the lug wrench.
   • Consult your manual: Locate the correct jacking points for your car. Incorrect placement can damage the vehicle.
   • Raise the car: Slowly jack until the flat is just off the ground. You only need enough clearance to change the tyre.
   • Fully remove lug nuts: Now you can take off the nuts and remove the flat tyre.

3. Mounting the Spare Tyre

   • Align the spare: Line up the spare tyre’s rim holes with the wheel studs.
   • Hand-thread the lug nuts: Secure them as much as possible by hand before tightening with the wrench.
   • “Star Pattern”: Tighten nuts partially in a criss-cross (star) pattern for even seating of the wheel.
   • Lower and torque: Lower the car until the spare is slightly touching the ground, but the car’s weight isn’t fully on it. Fully tighten the lug nuts according to the torque spec in your manual.
   • Lower completely: Release the jack and remove it. Recheck the lug nuts for tightness.

4. Stowing Your Flat

   • Secure properly: Your flat needs to be secured according to how your spare was stored. Don’t let it become a loose object inside your car.
   • Get it repaired ASAP: Most punctures are repairable if treated quickly. Don’t neglect your flat tyre.

Crucial Precautions and Reminders

• Donut Limitations: Remember the speed and distance restrictions on these types of spares. They are NOT a permanent replacement.
• Check Spare Pressure Regularly: A deflated spare does no good. Make it part of your tire pressure check routine.
• Aftermarket Wheels and Spares: If you have custom wheels, make sure your spare tyre and tools still fit correctly.
• “TPMS” Lights: Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems may show a warning after your spare is installed. This is normal and should be addressed with the repair of your primary tyre.

What if I Don’t Feel Comfortable Changing the Tyre?

• Roadside Assistance: If you have a membership with AAA or a similar service, calling them is often the safest and most hassle-free option.
• Know Your Limits: There’s no shame in prioritizing safety! Some physical limitations or being in an unsafe location might warrant calling for help.

Beyond Replacing the Flat: What’s Next?

• Get the Flat Tyre Repaired: Most punctures are fixable if addressed promptly by a tire shop. Don’t assume you need a whole new tyre.
• Properly Install Repaired Tyre: When your full-size tyre is ready to go back on, remember to torque lug nuts to the correct specification for your vehicle.
• Re-Check Spare Tyre: Ensure your spare is back in its storage location, properly inflated, and your tools are all returned to their designated spot.

Additional Considerations

• Gloves Protect: Mechanics gloves can save your hands when working with a dirty wheel.
• Small Piece of Wood: Placing a board under the jack can stabilize it on softer surfaces.
• Periodic Practice: Refresh your skills in a driveway, not a roadside emergency.

Empowering Drivers with Knowledge

Understanding emergency spare tyres and how to use them is a valuable skill for any motorist. By following these guidelines and prioritizing safety, you’ll be equipped to handle a flat tire situation with confidence. Remember, routine maintenance, awareness of your spare tyre’s limitations, and knowing when to call for assistance are all crucial components of responsible car ownership.